Present-Biased Envy and Inequality
(with Kirill Borissov and Ronald Wendner), Graz Economics Papers 2026-01, University of Graz, Department of Economics, 2026.

Abstract: We analyze the effects of envy (relative consumption concerns), drawing on evidence that preferences exhibit present bias. We introduce present-biased envy, whereby naive agents compare their consumption to that of others only in the current period, into a Ramsey model in which agents differ in their initial capital endowments. Unlike permanent envy, present-biased envy generates the Matthew effect (the relatively rich become richer while the relatively poor become poorer) and eventually divides society into two classes. The initially wealthiest agents own the entire capital stock and the debts of others, while all other agents are in the maximum borrowing state.

Earlier version: Present-Biased Envy, Inequality, and Growth

Heterogeneous Patience, Population Growth, and Wealth Accumulation
(with Stéphane Bouché), CESifo Working Paper No. 12213, 2025.

Abstract: We study a neoclassical growth model with population growth and agents who are heterogeneous in their discount factors. Population growth is interpreted as the entry of new infinitely-lived agents with zero initial endowments who are not included in the economic calculus of existing agents. We prove that when capital and labor are substitutes in production and utility is isoelastic, there exists a unique stationary equilibrium in per capita terms. A stationary equilibrium can take one of two forms: a Ramsey conjecture equilibrium, in which only the most patient agents own the entire capital stock, or a non-degenerate equilibrium, in which agents other than the most patient ones also hold positive amounts of capital. We show that introducing public debt, a labor income tax or a capital subsidy shifts the economy from a Ramsey conjecture stationary equilibrium to a non-degenerate one, and analyze the resulting relationship between income and inequality. 

Endogenous Discounting and Economic Dynamics
(with Kirill Borissov, Stefano Bosi, Thai Ha-Huy and Van-Quy Nguyen), CESifo Working Paper No. 12156, 2025.

Abstract: We study a discrete-time optimal growth model with endogenous discounting. The discount factor may depend on both consumption and the capital stock, and intertemporal utility is modeled as a discounted sum of instantaneous utilities, with the sum of discount factors equal to one. We show that this specification preserves the invariance of optimal paths and steady states to affine transformations of the instantaneous utility function, providing a general and flexible framework for analyzing economic dynamics under endogenous time preference. We prove that optimal capital paths are monotonic, and steady states depend on initial conditions. We also show the robustness of poverty traps under endogenous discounting: in several examples, for a set of parameters with positive measure, the optimal path converges to a positive steady state only if the initial capital stock exceeds a critical level and otherwise converges to the origin.